Mentions vs. Citations: The Two AI Metrics Marketers Keep Confusing
An AI answer can name a brand without linking to its domain, cite the domain without naming the brand, do both, or do neither. This keynote gives leaders a two-signal model for diagnosing the missing outcome.
Marketing executives, analytics teams, communications leaders, and search leaders30 to 45 minute keynoteEnglish or Spanish
Funded, not free. Semrush funds Fernando's research and stage time, so there is no fee to the event. Engagements are selected on audience fit rather than budget. Travel and logistics are discussed once an event is confirmed.
Business decisionReport brand presence and evidence attribution separately
Audience outcomeA named-and-cited decision matrix
Research baseThe public Semrush Ghost Citations study
AdaptationPlatform examples matched to the audience's category
Outcomes
What changes after the session
01
Define a mention and a citation as distinct signals.
02
Read platform patterns without turning aggregates into brand-level claims.
03
Choose a different action for each named-and-cited quadrant.
Take it back to work
A framework the room can use
Valuable for
Marketing executives, analytics teams, communications leaders, and search leaders.
Framework
Two-signal model plus the named/cited decision matrix.
Use this after the keynote to
separate brand presence from evidence attribution by platform and diagnose the missing signal.
The room leaves with
A board-ready language for reporting mentions and citations without blending them into one score.
Inside the keynote
Three decisions, shown clearly
Authentic research material and representative samples show the visual and editorial standard. Final examples are verified and adapted before every event.
Swipe to see the next sample
Representative sampleSame web. Opposite behaviour.One blended score hides opposite platform patterns.Scope: The Ghost Citations Study · June 9, 2026 · 3,981 domain appearances · 115 prompts · 14 countries · four AI platforms · Time window: not reported in the public study summaryBoundary: Appearance-level aggregate rates, not conversion, market share, or a prediction for every brand or answer.Read the sourceRepresentative sampleMENTION ≠ CITATIONBeing named is not the same as being used as evidence. Measure brand presence and evidence attribution separately.Scope: Definitions and aggregate categories used in the public Semrush Ghost Citations study.Boundary: The categories are distinct signals and should not be treated as equivalent visibility outcomes.Read the sourceRepresentative sampleMeasure both signals by platform.Named and cited: reinforce. Named only: improve source usefulness. Cited only: strengthen entity connection. Neither: build discoverability and evidence.Scope: A decision matrix derived from the study's distinct mention and citation categories.Boundary: The matrix selects a diagnostic action. It does not predict a platform outcome.Read the source
Narrative
How the argument develops
Separate the two measurable signals.
Compare opposite platform patterns in one study.
Use the decision matrix to select the next action.
Research foundation
The Ghost Citations Study
Scope: 3,981 domain appearances for 115 prompts across 14 countries and ChatGPT, Google AI Overviews, Gemini, and Google AI Mode. The public study summary does not report a single observation time window.
Evidence boundary: The percentages are appearance-level rates in this study. They do not measure conversion, market share, or every answer produced by either platform. Aggregate platform behavior does not predict every brand or answer.
Source
Each quantitative claim is tied to this public source with its organization, study, date, market, time window, sample, and limit shown in HTML.
Executive and cross-functional teams aligning search, communications, analytics, and brand reporting.
Not designed for
Not a platform benchmark for an individual brand and not a single blended visibility score.
Delivery proof
Research built for a live room
Fernando participating in a conference panel. Photo: Fernando Angulo archive. This image demonstrates delivery experience and does not claim to document this exact keynote.
Speaker
Fernando Angulo
I research how people, and increasingly AI systems, discover, evaluate, and choose brands, then turn that evidence into decisions marketing leaders can defend.
Senior Market Research Manager at Semrush, an Adobe company
No email is required. The PDF is approximately 2.5 MB and includes approved bios, keynote topics, audience fit, formats and languages, selected appearances, contact details, and press-photo access.
They answer different questions. A mention shows brand presence; a citation shows evidence attribution. The business context determines how each should be interpreted.
How is the session adapted for an event?
The decision, examples, audience seniority, market context, and evidence boundaries are reviewed before delivery. The core research claims remain sourced.
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