03 · AI visibility measurement

Mentions vs. Citations: The Two AI Metrics Marketers Keep Confusing

An AI answer can name a brand without linking to its domain, cite the domain without naming the brand, do both, or do neither. This keynote gives leaders a two-signal model for diagnosing the missing outcome.

Marketing executives, analytics teams, communications leaders, and search leaders30 to 45 minute keynoteEnglish or Spanish

Funded, not free. Semrush funds Fernando's research and stage time, so there is no fee to the event. Engagements are selected on audience fit rather than budget. Travel and logistics are discussed once an event is confirmed.

Business decisionReport brand presence and evidence attribution separately
Audience outcomeA named-and-cited decision matrix
Research baseThe public Semrush Ghost Citations study
AdaptationPlatform examples matched to the audience's category
Outcomes

What changes after the session

01

Define a mention and a citation as distinct signals.

02

Read platform patterns without turning aggregates into brand-level claims.

03

Choose a different action for each named-and-cited quadrant.

Take it back to work

A framework the room can use

Valuable for

Marketing executives, analytics teams, communications leaders, and search leaders.

Framework

Two-signal model plus the named/cited decision matrix.

Use this after the keynote to

separate brand presence from evidence attribution by platform and diagnose the missing signal.

The room leaves with

A board-ready language for reporting mentions and citations without blending them into one score.

Inside the keynote

Three decisions, shown clearly

Authentic research material and representative samples show the visual and editorial standard. Final examples are verified and adapted before every event.

Representative sample
Same web. Opposite behaviour.One blended score hides opposite platform patterns.Scope: The Ghost Citations Study · June 9, 2026 · 3,981 domain appearances · 115 prompts · 14 countries · four AI platforms · Time window: not reported in the public study summaryBoundary: Appearance-level aggregate rates, not conversion, market share, or a prediction for every brand or answer.Read the source
Representative sample
MENTION ≠ CITATIONBeing named is not the same as being used as evidence. Measure brand presence and evidence attribution separately.Scope: Definitions and aggregate categories used in the public Semrush Ghost Citations study.Boundary: The categories are distinct signals and should not be treated as equivalent visibility outcomes.Read the source
Representative sample
Measure both signals by platform.Named and cited: reinforce. Named only: improve source usefulness. Cited only: strengthen entity connection. Neither: build discoverability and evidence.Scope: A decision matrix derived from the study's distinct mention and citation categories.Boundary: The matrix selects a diagnostic action. It does not predict a platform outcome.Read the source
Narrative

How the argument develops

  1. Separate the two measurable signals.
  2. Compare opposite platform patterns in one study.
  3. Use the decision matrix to select the next action.
Research foundation

The Ghost Citations Study

Scope: 3,981 domain appearances for 115 prompts across 14 countries and ChatGPT, Google AI Overviews, Gemini, and Google AI Mode. The public study summary does not report a single observation time window.

Evidence boundary: The percentages are appearance-level rates in this study. They do not measure conversion, market share, or every answer produced by either platform. Aggregate platform behavior does not predict every brand or answer.

Source

Each quantitative claim is tied to this public source with its organization, study, date, market, time window, sample, and limit shown in HTML.

Read the primary source
Fit and non-fit

The right depth for the right room

Best fit

Executive and cross-functional teams aligning search, communications, analytics, and brand reporting.

Not designed for

Not a platform benchmark for an individual brand and not a single blended visibility score.

Delivery proof

Research built for a live room

Fernando Angulo participating in a panel with other search professionals
Fernando participating in a conference panel. Photo: Fernando Angulo archive. This image demonstrates delivery experience and does not claim to document this exact keynote.
Speaker

Fernando Angulo

I research how people, and increasingly AI systems, discover, evaluate, and choose brands, then turn that evidence into decisions marketing leaders can defend.

Senior Market Research Manager at Semrush, an Adobe company

View speaker profile
Organizer resources

No email is required. The PDF is approximately 2.5 MB and includes approved bios, keynote topics, audience fit, formats and languages, selected appearances, contact details, and press-photo access.

Download speaker kit (PDF, 2.5 MB)
Open press photos
Organizer FAQ

Questions before you shortlist the talk

Are mentions and citations equally valuable?

They answer different questions. A mention shows brand presence; a citation shows evidence attribution. The business context determines how each should be interpreted.

How is the session adapted for an event?

The decision, examples, audience seniority, market context, and evidence boundaries are reviewed before delivery. The core research claims remain sourced.

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Does this decision belong on your stage?

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Or review the speaker kit (PDF, 2.5 MB)

REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE · THESIS + EVIDENCESame web. Opposite behaviour.© Semrush · The Ghost Citations Study · June 9, 2026 · Market: 14 countries · Time window: Not reported in the public study summary · Sample: 3,981 domain appearances, 115 prompts, four AI platformsChatGPT87% Cited20.7% NamedGemini21.4% Cited83.7% NamedOne blended score hides opposite platform patterns.
REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE · THESISMENTION ≠ CITATIONBeing named is not the same as being used as evidence. Measure brand presence and evidence attribution separately.© Semrush · The Ghost Citations Study · June 9, 2026 · Definitions · Market: study aggregate · Time window: not reported
REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE · DECISIONMeasure both signals by platform.Named and cited: reinforce. Named only: improve source usefulness. Cited only: strengthen entity connection. Neither: build discoverability and evidence.Decision matrix · Based on public Semrush definitions · No quantitative claim